Guide

How to write a Letter Before Action

Six sections, in this order. Keep it factual and unemotional — the judge will read it if the case goes to a hearing.

1. Header and parties

Your full name and address top-right. The recipient's full name and address top-left. If the recipient is a limited company, use its registered name and registered office (check Companies House). Date the letter. Give it a heading: "Letter Before Action / Letter Before Claim — [subject]".

2. State the facts

One or two paragraphs, in date order. What was agreed, when, and how. What was delivered or supposed to be delivered. What went wrong. Reference invoice numbers and dates.

3. Set out the sum claimed

A clean breakdown: principal, statutory interest (see our late-payment interest guide), any recoverable costs, and the total. Show your working.

4. List enclosed documents

Contract, invoices, delivery notes, photos, prior correspondence — anything you would rely on in court. Enclose copies, not originals.

5. Set a response deadline

14 days for an individual, 30 days for a business. Ask specifically for: payment in full, or a substantive response setting out any dispute and the documents they rely on.

6. Warn of proceedings

Close with something like: "If I do not receive payment or a substantive response by [date], I will issue proceedings in the County Court without further notice. You will be liable for the claim, statutory interest, and the court fee."

Common mistakes to avoid

• Emotional or threatening language — the judge sees the letter.
• An unreasonable deadline (48 hours, 7 days for a business).
• Vague sums ("about £2,000") instead of a precise figure.
• Sending only by email with no delivery proof.
• Forgetting to enclose the documents you reference.

General information for England & Wales. Not legal advice.